• The Old Order.
• About Africa.
• About Europe.
• About the Caribbean.
• African Slave Trade.
• Scramble for Africa.
• Ancient colonisation.
• Christopher Columbus.
• David Livingstone's 3Cs.
  
  Transition Period
• The Transition
• Abolish Slave Trade.
• Imperialism and Benefits.
• Neo-colonisation.
• Industrial Revolution.
• British Empire.
• OAU- the origin
• Kwame Nkrumah
• Ahmed Sekou Toure.
• Wretched of the Earth
• Apartheid.
• Nelson Mandela's Peace.
• Pan African Congress.
• African Union- AU.

There are three types of sanctions:
Diplomatic sanctions - the reduction or removal of diplomatic ties, such as embassies.
Economic sanctions - typically a ban on trade, possibly limited to certain sectors such as armaments, or with certain exceptions (such as food and medicine)
Military sanctions - military intervention

Economic sanctions are distinguished from trade sanctions, which are applied for purely economic reasons, and typically take the form of tariffs or similar measures, rather than bans on trade.

Diplomatic sanctions
As an example, the European Union imposed diplomatic sanctions on Cuba after the latter broke a moratorium on capital punishment in 2003. Measures included limitations on high-level government visits.

Economic sanctions
Economic sanctions can vary from imposing import duties on goods from, or blocking the export of certain goods to the target country, to a full naval blockade of its ports in an effort to verify, and curb or block specified imported goods.

Well known examples of economic sanctions include the United Nations sanctions against South Africa, United Nations sanctions against Iraq (1990-2003) and the United States embargo against Cuba (1962-present). South Africa is the typical case study for giving sanctions credibility, though that is a contentious claim itself.

On May 13, 1998, the United States and Japan imposed economic sanctions on India, following its second round of nuclear tests jimmah.

Military sanctions
Similarly, military sanctions can range from carefully-targeted airborne assaults by bombers and military forces (such as Israel's 1981 bombing of Iraq's Osirak nuclear reactor) to invasion and occupation. A less aggressive form of military sanctions could be the 15 year embargo on sales of F-16 fighter/bomber aircraft by the United States to Pakistan which ran from 1990 to 2005 in response to Pakistan's development of nuclear weapons. (The latter is considered a military sanction, not an economic one.)......."

More information:

- United Nations campaign against Apartheid in South Africa.
Click United Nations campaign

- Four Decades of Failure: The U.S. Embargo against Cuba.
Click U.S. Embargo against Cuba

- U.S. Sanctions Against Burma: A Failure on All Fronts.
Hit U.S. Sanctions Against Burma

Source: Internet research.

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• The New Order
• New Deal
• Remember Slave Trade.
• Bill Clinton & Africa.
• Kofi Annan & UN.
• Commission on Africa.
• Toni Blair & Africa.
• Gordon Brown & Africa.
• Bob Geldof on Africa.
• Jack Straw in Africa
• Bill Gates & Africa.
• Prince Harry in Africa.
• Harriet Harman in Africa.
• African talents in Europe.
• David Beckham in Africa
  
  
• Research and info
• Europe trades with Africa
• China trades with Africa
• U.S.A. trades with Africa